Physical Principles of Energy Sources for Humans
General Information
Course title: Physical Principles of Energy Sources for Humans
Course catalog description: This course will involve the study of various conventional and unconventional sources of energy for human consumption. Past, present, and future energy sources will be examined on scientifically established principles and data.
Course registration number: PHYS 3400
Course credits: 3
Semester offered: Spring 2024
Class time: MW 4:00 p.m. – 5:20 p.m.
First class: Wednesday, 17th January 2024
Last class: Wednesday, 24th April 2024
No Final Examination.
Holidays: 4-8 March; as per the university Academic Calendar.
Classroom: This class is remote synchronous. McMaster Hall Room 4012 (MH 4012) is available in case you need a quiet room during classtimes. All classes will meet at the following link: https://utoledo.webex.com/meet/sanjay.khare. Download information for Webex may be found at: https://www.utoledo.edu/it/unified-communications/webex.html. During online instruction, students must keep their videos on with an UToledo background found at https://www.utoledo.edu/med/about/resources.html#virtual. The student's display name should be in the following format: "First Last". Examples: "John Doe" and "Jane Doe".

Class Website: https://astro1.panet.utoledo.edu/~vgade/teaching/phys-3400-sp2024/
Prerequisites: Permission of Instructor
Course Text: None. Class notes will be provided. Some additional references are listed below.
1. Energy and the environment, 2nd Edition, Robert A. Ristinen and Jack J. Kraushaar, John Wiley, ISBN 978-0471739890
2. Renewable Energy: Its physics, engineering, use, environmental impacts, economy and planning aspects, 3rd Edition, Bent Sorensen, Elsevier Academic Press, ISBN 978-0123750259

About Instructor
Instructor: Sanjay V. Khare
Title: Professor
Office: MH 5010
Phone: 419-530-2292
Email: sanjay (dot) khare (at) utoledo.edu
Website: http://astro1.panet.utoledo.edu/~khare/
Office Hours: by appointment

About Grading
Excused absence policy to be followed according to the University guidelines.
The percentage cutoffs to assign letter grades will be determined by the instructor at the end of the semester.
Grading Scheme:
Class Attendance and Participation: 8%
Homework and Classwork: 47%
In-Class Presentations: 15%
Project: 30%

Syllabus
The detailed course agenda is shown here.

The course will involve the study of various conventional and unconventional sources of energy for human consumption. These will include conventional sources such as food (including agricultural, horticultural, and hunting sources), plant produce (wood, grass), animal power (horses, oxen and others), fossil fuels in solid (coal), liquid (crude oil), and gas (natural gas) forms. Alternative sources will include hydroelectric, wind, solar photovoltaic, solar thermal, solar-thermal-electric, tidal and wave, geothermal, thermoelectric, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol, nuclear, and human and industrial waste. Each source of energy will be analyzed using a variety of criteria such as the physical mechanism of energy production, world-wide abundance, energy returned on energy invested, continuity of flow (dispatch-ability), convenience, safety, environmental pollution (including visual, audio, chemical, and biological), portability, peak power, and storage. Emphasis will be on making quantitative analyses on scientifically established principles and data.

The following forms of energy will be explored in this course.
  1. Fossil-Solids: Coal
  2. Fossil-Liquids: Crude Oil, Natural Gas Liquids
  3. Fossil-Gas: Natural Gas
  4. Nuclear: Fission mostly with some fusion
  5. Hydroelectric: Large scale and small scale dams
  6. Wind: Different forms offshore and on shore and different scales
  7. Solar: Photo-voltaic, solar-thermal-electric, and solar thermal
  8. Geothermal: For heating and electricity generation
  9. Biomass (not used for food): This will include wood, grass, human and animal waste, different types of ethanol by source, bio-diesel from oil-seeds
  10. Wave and Tidal
  11. Food: Agricultural, horticultural, and hunting produce.
  12. Animal Power: Horses, bullocks and others
  13. Conservation: Effect of energy flow during waste re-cycling, waste heat, burning industrial waste for energy
The following energy storage and transmission devices will be considered.
  1. The Electric Grid
  2. Water reservoirs
  3. Compressed Air
  4. Batteries
  5. Hydrogen and other fuels
  6. Ultra-Capacitors
  7. Human and Animal Fat and muscle
The study of each of the above 13 primary sources and 7 storage devices will be conducted with a description of the following attributes.
  1. Relation to the fundamental laws of science
  2. Total resource base and reserve base available
  3. Energy returned on Energy Invested (EROEI) and NSE
  4. Infrastructure requirements
  5. Materials and water requirements
  6. Dynamics of Energy flow
  7. Transportation and portability
  8. Replace-ability
  9. Environmental Impact
  10. Laws, Morals and Ethics
Student Learning Objectives
(i) To have an exhaustive quantitative knowledge of all possible energy sources for human consumption.
(ii) Learn the physical principles behind energy extraction, use and dissipation and their relationship to fundamental laws of physics.
(iii) To understand the benefits and limitations of these energy sources in a panoptic view.
(iv) To gain the expertise to quantitatively analyse the extraction, storage, flow and dissipation of energy from these sources.
(v) To understand the relationship of energy use to quality of life.

Tips to Succeed in this Course
(i) Do all the projects and assignments regularly and at a high level of quality.
(ii) Stay focused not only on the quantity but also quality of your class participation.
(iii) Perform analysis using all the 10 parameters to your work.
(iv) Learn to use a variety of data sources judiciously.
(v) Stay strongly focused on quantitative analyses of all data and proper use of units and scales. Maximize use of tables, graphs, plots, percentages, normalized quantities. Learn to make quantitative estimates with attached error bars.
(vi) Discuss course material with fellow students and/or senior students, family and friends as long and as often as you can.
(vii) Read lots of relevant material and analyze it through the techniques used in this course.

Expectations from Students
(i) Look at the class web-site at least once either before or after each class for the latest updates.
(ii) Submit homework in class at the beginning of the class when due. On every homework assignment on the top front page, list student's name, identification number, course number, and homework number. Each homework assignment should be stapled together or put in a binder. Loose pages are not acceptable.
(iii) Read relevant sections from the text that will be covered in the class. These will be announced in the preceding class.
(iv) If you are late to class or decide to leave early do so discretely so as not to disturb others. Seat yourself towards the back exit door if your early exit is known in advance or when you enter late.
(v) Turn off sound on watches, cell phones, pagers, tablets, laptops and all other electronic devices while in class.
(vi) In general, maintain an environment conducive to learning in the classroom.
(vii) Complete all homework and examinations honestly.
(viii) Please do not bring any food or drinks inside the classroom.
(ix) If you have any disabilities hindering your ability to follow any of these rules and/or needing any special considerations bring them to the attention of the instructor immediately. Contact the Student Disability Services Office immediately. See Relevant University Policies below.

Relevant University Policies

Undergraduate Policies
Undergraduate Policies: http://www.utoledo.edu/policies/academic/undergraduate/.

Policy Statement on Non-Discrimination on the Basis of Disability (ADA)
The University is an equal opportunity educational institution. Please read The University's Policy Statement on Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability Americans with Disability Act Compliance. Students can find this policy along with other university policies listed by audience on the University Policy webpage.

Academic Acomodations
The University of Toledo embraces the inclusion of students with disabilities. We are committed to ensuring equal opportunity and seamless access for full participation in all courses. For students who have an Accommodations Memo from the Office of Accessibility and Disability Resources, I invite you to correspond with me as soon as possible so that we can communicate confidentially about implementing accommodations in this course.
For students who have not established accommodations with the Office of Accessibility and Disability Resources and are experiencing disability access barriers or are interested in a referral to health care resources for a potential disability, please connect with the office by calling 419-530-4981 or sending an email to StudentDisability@utoledo.edu.

Academic and Support Services
Please follow this link to view a comprehensive list of Student Academic and Support Services available to you as a student.

Safety and Health Services
Please use the following link to view a comprehensive list of Campus Health and Safety Services available to you as a student and click here for information on the Office of Public Safety.

Basic Needs
Students facing food insecurity may contact the Dean of Students for support (Student Union 2509, 419-530-8852, deanofstudents@utoledo.edu).

Diversity and Inclusion Statement
In this class, we will work together to develop a learning community that is inclusive and respectful. Our diversity may be reflected by differences in race, culture, age, religion, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, socioeconomic background, and a myriad of other social identities and life experiences. We will encourage and appreciate expressions of different ideas, opinions, and beliefs so that conversations and interactions that could potentially be divisive turn, instead, into opportunities for intellectual and personal development. See Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion.

Special Course Expectations During COVID-19

Maintaining a safe campus during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic remains a top priority. UToledo continues to follow the guidance of the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ohio Department of Health to keep our campus safe.

Attendance
The University of Toledo has a missed class policy. It is important that students and instructors discuss attendance requirements for the course. Anyone with a temperature at or above 100.0 degrees Fahrenheit or who is experiencing symptoms consistent with COVID-19 should not come to campus and do a self-administered COVID test or contact their primary care physician or the Main Campus Health Center at 419.530.3451 or Health Science Campus Student Health and Wellness Center at 419.383.5000 to get tested and treated. Free self-administered COVID tests are available at various locations across both campuses including, many residence halls at the main desk, both Rec. Centers, and the Student Affairs Office in the Student Union. For more information on the symptoms of COVID-19, please go to https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html.

COVID-19 testing for sick students is also available on both Main Campus and Health Science Campus. On Main Campus, no appointment is needed. Symptomatic students should go to the door to the left of the main entrance and ring the doorbell or call 419.530.3451. You will be immediately let into the sick area for COVID testing. On the Health Science Campus, symptomatic COVID testing is done at the Comprehensive Care Center on Glendale Ave. You must call 419.383.4545 for an appointment.

Absences due to COVID-19 quarantine or isolation requirements are considered excused absences. Students should notify their instructors and follow the protocols summarized in this document on Navigating COVID-Related Course Concerns.

In the event that you have tested positive for COVID-19 or have been diagnosed as a probable case, please review the CDC guidance on self-isolation and symptom monitoring, and report the disclosure to the Division of Student Affairs by emailing StudentAffairs@utoledo.edu or by connecting with their on-call representative at 419.343.9946. Disclosure is voluntary and will only be shared on a need to know basis with staff such as in the Office of Student Advocacy and Support, The Office of Residence Life, and/or the Office of Accessibility and Disability Resources to coordinate supportive measures or to assist the student as needed.

Face Coverings
Face coverings are currently not required while on campus but students should feel free to wear them. The health experts on campus will continue to monitor the situation and may make changes to this policy as determined by CDC and County Health Department guidelines as infection rates fluctuate if necessary to maintain campus safety.

Vaccinations
Doctors and other health care professionals agree that the best way to protect ourselves and each other is to get vaccinated. Case data clearly show that vaccines remain highly effective at preventing serious illness from COVID, including the highly contagious delta variant. If you have not yet received your COVID vaccine, the University encourages you do so as soon as possible. No appointment is needed to get the shot at the UTMC Outpatient Pharmacy, University Health Clinic or Main Campus Pharmacy. Once you receive the COVID vaccination, please register on the COVID Vaccine Registry site at: https://utvaccinereg.utoledo.edu.

Special Notes
It is important to note, that based on the unpredictability of the COVID-19 virus, things can change at any time. So please be patient and understanding as we move through the semester. Please refer to https://www.utoledo.edu/coronavirus on a regular basis for updates to current requirements or mandates. I also ask that you keep me informed of concerns you may have about class, completing course work/assignments timely and/or health concerns related to COVID.

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